Reduction is a chemical reaction in which a substance gains an electron. It can also be described as a chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a substance decreases. Specifically, it is a chemical reaction where oxygen is removed from a substance or where a substance gains hydrogen. Conversely, a chemical reaction in which a substance releases electrons is called oxidation.
Carbon is an element with atomic number 6. It forms the basic framework of organic matter and is a fundamental material of all living organisms, including proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
Lamina foliacea is the area that connects the hoof wall to the hoof bone.
Aromatic compounds are a group of organic compounds that contain a benzene ring. Benzene, toluene, and naphthalene are typical aromatic compounds. Due to their unique chemical properties and stability, these compounds play an important role in many fields, including chemical synthesis, materials science, pharmaceuticals, and natural product chemistry.
Redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons, where two processes oxidation and reduction, occur simultaneously. The reaction includes
the process by which a substance changes to an oxidized state (losing electrons) or a reduced state (gaining electrons). It plays an important role in energy production and metabolism in cells.
Electron transport chain is a series of biochemical reactions that take place within the mitochondria of the cell. It plays a central role in the process of ATP production, the cell’s primary energy source.
Ketone structure is a type of organic compound in which a carbon atom is double bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to two hydrocarbon groups. Ketones play an important role in many biological processes, and many drugs and chemicals contain ketone structures , being used in the fields such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agents.
Long-chain base is a general term for a substance consisting of a long chain of 14 or more carbons, with at least two hydroxy groups and one amino group attached to the carbon near the end of the chain. In biochemistry, it is almost synonymous with sphingoid, but is often used as a more comprehensive classification term.
Sphingoids are long-chain aliphatic amines with two or three hydroxy groups near the carbon terminus. Also called sphingoid bases, they are a type of long-chain base. They are components
sphingolipids.
Double bond is a type of covalent bond in which each atom shares two electrons with another atom within a molecule. For example,molecules with double bonds include oxygen molecules and carbon dioxide molecules.