Quinones are a type of organic compound characterized by a structure in which some of the double bonds in a benzene ring are oxidized and replaced by ketone groups. Quinones play a crucial role in electron transport systems and redox reactions within the body.
Biliverdin is a green pigment produced during the breakdown of hemoglobin. When red blood cells reach the end of their lifespan and are broken down, biliverdin is generated in the process. Biliverdin is further metabolized into bilirubin, a yellow pigment.
Enzymes are a type of protein that facilitate chemical reactions occurring within the bodies of living organisms. Through their catalytic action, they enhance the efficiency of biochemical reactions and exhibit specificity, reacting only with certain substances. Additionally, enzymes are environmentally dependent, meaning their activity can be activated or deactivated by environmental factors such as temperature and pH.
Serine palmitoyltransferase(SPT) is an important enzyme in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway.
In this pathway, the initial reaction that synthesizes the precursors, the basic structure of all sphingolipids, from a substrate is catalyzed by SPT.
PR-PCR stands for Proofreading Polymerase Chain Reaction and is a method to amplify the original DNA strand more accurately.
In addition to the general PCR method, DNA polymerase with this “proofreading” function can stop elongation when it connects an incorrect base, break down the incorrect base and then resume elongation. This function literally “proofreads” the DNA amplification process.
An organic acid is a general term for organic compounds that exhibit acidity.
Examples include citric acid, acetic acid, and malic acid.
Incidentally, acids obtained from chemical reactions of inorganic compounds are called inorganic acids.
Functional groups are specific atomic groups that determine the properties of organic compounds.
Compounds with the same functional group in their chemical structure share common chemical properties.
Examples include hydroxy, carboxy, and aldehyde groups.
Lichenification is a condition in which repeated inflammation over a long period of time results in thickening of the skin and deep wrinkles and furrows appear on the surface.
Scratch mark is the dried and hardened blood, fluid, or pus that has oozed out of blood vessels due to scratching. It is also commonly referred to as a scab.
Erythema refers to red patches caused by vasodilation in the superficial layers of the skin. It is reddish because of dilated and congested capillaries.