NAD(P)H: Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in cellular defense mechanisms by reducing quinones to hydroquinones. This action helps protect cells from oxidative stress and contributes to various protective functions such as detoxification, anti-inflammatory regulation, and anticancer effects within the body.
Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a type of enzyme within the heme oxygenase family, specifically activated under stress conditions. HO-1 catalyzes the degradation of heme within cells, resulting in the production of biliverdin, iron ions, and carbon monoxide (CO). This enzyme exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and plays a crucial role in protecting cells from stress and damage.
In vitro is an artificially constructed condition or environment in which human or animal tissues are used in a test tube or culture medium to reproduce an environment similar to that inside the body, for example, in biological experiments. It is also used in the sense of such tests.
A hydroxy group is a functional group with the chemical formula -OH in organic chemistry.
A precursor, or precursor substance, in chemistry, is a substance in a stage before it is formed.
The spinous layer is the thickest layer of the epidermis. The layer of the spinous layer contains lymphatic drainage and receives oxygen and nutrients from the dermis, which lies beneath the epidermis.
The granular layer is the second layer from the top of the epidermis and it is one to several very thin layers.
Stratum corneum(Horny layer) is the outermost layer of the epidermis, the surface layer of the skin we normally see.
An allergy is a condition where the immune response, which normally protects the body from infectious microorganisms like bacteria and parasites, as well as foreign substances, becomes abnormal. Changes in the environment and lifestyle are considered to trigger allergies. Common symptoms include sneezing, rashes, and difficulty breathing.
Metal allergy is an allergic reaction caused by contact of certain metals with the skin. It occurs when the immune system recognizes metal ions as foreign substances and reacts excessively. Metal allergy is a type of contact dermatitis, and symptoms include itching, redness, swelling, and blistering of the skin.